Which rational approach to ethics is described as considering law and consequences?

• A. Deontology
• B. Consequentialism
• C. Principlism (considers law and consequences)
• D. Virtue Ethics

Answer: (C)

The question tests how ethics is applied in real-world clinical decisions by weighing multiple normative inputs rather than sticking to a single criterion. Principlism is the approach described as considering law and consequences because it provides a practical framework in bioethics that guides action by balancing multiple factors, including legal obligations and likely outcomes, within four core principles: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. In healthcare, decisions are framed by these principles while also taking into account relevant laws, policies, and the potential consequences for patients and society, making this approach suited to integrating law and outcomes.

Deontology focuses on duties and rules regardless of consequences, and consequentialism relies on outcomes alone without primarily factoring in legal constraints. Virtue ethics emphasizes character and moral disposition rather than applying a set of rules or evaluating results.