Which factor can compromise voluntariness in informed consent?

• A. White coat syndrome
• B. Adequate time
• C. Clear understanding
• D. Transparent communication

Answer: (A)

Voluntariness in informed consent means the patient makes a decision free from coercion, pressure, or fear. White coat syndrome—anxiety or fear triggered by medical visits and the perceived authority of clinicians—can undermine this by pushing the patient to agree to tests or procedures to avoid conflict or disappointment, rather than through independent deliberation. This fear can interfere with the patient’s ability to freely reflect on risks, benefits, and alternatives, leading to consent that isn’t truly voluntary. In contrast, adequate time, clear understanding, and transparent communication support voluntary decision-making by reducing pressure, clarifying information, and encouraging questions. Therefore, white coat syndrome is the factor that can compromise voluntariness.